What Science Says
Climate change is one of the most critical scientific issues of our time. Decades of research show that Earth’s climate is changing rapidly, largely due to human activities.
What Is Climate Change?
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and environmental conditions on Earth. While natural climate variations exist, current changes are happening at an unusually fast rate.
Main Causes of Climate Change
1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas releases gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, warming the planet.
2. Deforestation
Trees absorb carbon dioxide. When forests are destroyed, stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, increasing global warming.
3. Industrial and Agricultural Activities
Factories, livestock farming, and chemical fertilizers emit methane and nitrous oxide—powerful greenhouse gases.
Effects of Climate Change
Scientific evidence shows climate change is already affecting the planet:
- Rising global temperatures
- More frequent heatwaves and droughts
- Melting glaciers and rising sea levels
- Increased flooding and stronger storms
- Threats to wildlife and ecosystems
Human health and food security are also increasingly at risk.
What Science Says About the Future
Climate models predict that without significant action:
- Sea levels will continue to rise
- Extreme weather will become more common
- Some regions may become uninhabitable
However, scientists also agree that reducing emissions can limit the damage.
Scientific Solutions and Actions
- Transition to renewable energy (solar, wind)
- Improve energy efficiency
- Protect forests and natural ecosystems
- Support climate-friendly policies